For the PSG and PT measurements the technicians were blinded for diagnoses. Scoring of the PSG data was also performed blinded for diagnoses. Two nurses administered the participant appointments and questionnaires. They also accompanied the participants to the technicians after having instructed the participant not to tell anything that could reveal their headache trait or state.
There were no differences between SM- and NSM patients in baseline characteristics or headache data (Table 1). NSM patients had lower BMI and consumed less caffeine and alcohol than controls, and both NSM- and SM patients had more anxiety symptoms than controls. Triptans were taken within 48 hours before the interictal PSG by two SM- and three NSM patients.
Design Data Psg.epub
ME mounted some PSGs and performed some pain threshold measurements, analyzed all PSGs, performed the statistical analysis, prepared the initial draft and was the main author of the present manuscript. KH included patients in the study. GG was contact person for the participants, handled and typed all questionnaires. TS had the original idea of the study; he has made all the data files for statistics and been the main supervisor in all processes. All authors have contributed to the practical plans for the study, read, revised and approved the final manuscript.
We designed this prospective study to analyze the changes in GDM risk factors and in gestation outcomes induced by moving to a new universal screening tool in two cohorts of women during 1 year. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Hospital Clínico San Carlos and was carried out according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 15.0. Continuous variables are expressed as median and interquartile range. Categorical data are expressed as number and percentage. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normal distribution of data. Student t test and the ANOVA test were used when variables had a normal distribution and nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests used to compare continuous variables between two independent groups if the variables did not present a normal distribution. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test. A P value
The design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication were the responsibilities of the authors alone and independent of the funders.
Author Contributions. A.D., S.S., I.C., S.J., and N.G.d.l.T. wrote the manuscript, researched data, and contributed to the study concept and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, material support, study supervision, and final review and approval of the manuscript. M.J.T. and E.B. take responsibility for universal screening, researched data, and contributed to the study concept and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, material support, study supervision, and final review and approval of the manuscript. L.d.V., M.G., M.D.F., C.M., and C.F. researched data and contributed to the study concept and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, material support, study supervision, and final review and approval of the manuscript. N.P., M.A.H., N.I., M.A.R., and N.P.-F. researched data, reviewed the manuscript, and contributed to the study concept and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, material support, study supervision, and final review and approval of the manuscript. I.R. researched data, reviewed and edited the manuscript, and contributed to the study concept and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, material support, study supervision, and final review and approval of the manuscript. A.L.C.-P. had full access to all of the data in the study, researched data, reviewed and edited the manuscript, and contributed to the study concept and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, material support, study supervision, and final review and approval of the manuscript. A.L.C.-P. is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing simultaneous lingual tonsillectomy and epiglottopexy over the study period. PSG objective measures were recorded pre- and postoperatively, along with demographic data, comorbidities, and descriptive data of swallowing dysfunction in the postoperative setting.
Previous studies have examined the efficacy of lingual tonsillectomy alone, but none have analyzed the outcomes of simultaneous lingual tonsillectomy and epiglottopexy. In addition, there are no published data related to epiglottopexy as a standalone procedure, as retrodisplacement of the epiglottis may be secondary to tongue base anatomy. Given these limitations, it is difficult for pediatric otolaryngologists to appropriately counsel patients regarding the likelihood of success with sleep surgery directed at the tongue-base/epiglottic complex.
The included cohort includes a large percentage of patients who have Trisomy 21 or Trisomy 18, making up 54.2% of patients. Although this is much higher than a representative portion of the general pediatric population, the risk of multilevel airway obstruction and base of tongue obstruction in patients with Trisomy 21 has been well-established [2, 4, 6, 8, 9]. Although this does limit generalizability of the data to all pediatric patients, the authors do not believe this rate of patients with chromosomal abnormalities significantly differs from the patient population of children with dynamic airway collapse on DISE which is amenable to repair with lingual tonsillectomy and epiglottopexy. Within our institution, a PSG is preformed when patients have symptoms of SDB without adenotonsillar hypertrophy; and if OSA is present a DISE is performed. Additionally, patients who have persistent OSA after an adenotonsillectomy undergo a DISE.
MM assisted in performance of surgeries studied herein, analyzed and interpreted data, performed all data collection, and was responsible for writing the manuscript. SM assisted in performance of surgeries, analyzed data, assisted in writing and revisions of the manuscript. SH performed surgeries studied therein, assisted in data interpretation, and provided critical revision for the manuscript. JL performed surgeries studied therein, assisted in data interpretation, and provided critical revision for the manuscript. TV performed surgeries studied therein, assisted in data interpretation, and provided critical revision for the manuscript. DMT assisted in study design, performed surgeries studied therein, assisted in data interpretation, and provided critical revision for the manuscript. LBI designed and implemented the study, performed surgeries studied therein, assisted in data interpretation, and provided critical revision for the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This study was funded by the Health & Medical Research Fund (Ref: 10110811), Food and Health Bureau, Hong Kong, for supporting this study. The study sponsor, Health & Medical Research Fund, Food & Health Bureau, Hong Kong, played no role in study design, data collection, analysis, data interpretation in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
SN, WT, DH were responsible for conception and design. TC and KY provided administrative support. KT, JN, KC, WY, RL and FK provided study materials and patients. TC, WT and KY collected and assembled data. SN, DH, WT proceeded data analysis and interpretation. All authors contributed the manuscript writing and approved the final manuscript.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 2ff7e9595c
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